From the editorial board

V. Yu. Ivanov

“MAGATEIZATION” OF THE DEPARTMENT OF EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS

O. V. Ryabukhin

TIME-RESOLVED LUMINESCENCE OF DIELECTRIC CRYSTALS DOPED WITH RARE-EARTH IONS AS RADIATION ENERGY CONVERTERS

V. A. Pustovarov, K. V. Ivanovskikh, V. Yu. Ivanov, E. S. Trofimova, S. A. Kiselev

The article presents a review of studies carried out at the Department of Experimental Physics of the Institute of Physics and Technology of the Ural Federal University in recent years (2011-2022) in the field of luminescence and optical spectroscopy of promising functional materials doped with rare-earth ions, using methods low-temperature time-resolved luminescence in the visible, ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet ranges, as well as methods of laser, optical and infrared spectroscopy. The studies were carried out jointly with foreign and
domestic scientific laboratories with the involvement of experimental equipment of the Experimental Physics Department, as well as experimental facilities of international scientific centers at the expense of received grants for experiments using the beam-time of the
VEPP-3 collider (Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS, Novosibirsk), German electron synchrotron DESY (Hamburg, Germany), synchrotron MAX-Lab (Lund, Sweden), synchrotron BSRF (Institute for High Energy Physics, Beijing, China).

DEVELOPMENT OF MÖSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY WITH A HIGH VELOCITY RESOLUTION AND ITS APPLICATION IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, IN THE STUDY OF NANOSIZED AND NANOSTRUCTURED SYSTEMS AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL MATTER

A. A. Maksimova, I. V. Alenkina, M. V. Goryunov, M. V. Ushakov, E. V. Petrova, E. N. Novikov, V. A. Semionkin, M. I. Oshtrakh

A brief review presents the main results obtained by research group on the study of various iron-containing living and abiotic objects by Mössbauer spectroscopy with a high velocity resolution as well as by other complimentary techniques, permitted much deeper investigation of biological molecules, their pharmaceutical analogues and othe pharmaceutical products, nanoparticals and nanostructural materials, microcrystals of extraterrestrial matter as well as on the development of Mössbauer spectroscopy methodology.

EXPERIENCE IN REALIZATION INDEPENDENT PUBLIC CONTROL OF RADIATION-HAZARDOUS FACILITIES

A. A. Ekidin, A. V. Vasilyev, M. E. Vasyanovuch, E. I. Nazarov, M. D. Pyshkina

The article presents the experience of realization independent public control of nuclear energy facilities. The proposed format of cooperation between the higher school, the Academy of Sciences and facilities for the use of atomic energy significantly expands the categories of participants in the public control of the activities of radiation-hazardous facilities. Such a community of efforts makes it possible to form new ways of obtaining objective information to any interested parties, including the public. An example of justification of background values of radiation exposure in the area of the location of drill holles for uranium extraction by underground desalination is shown. The results of special studies in the area of the Belarusian nuclear power plant location in the pre-operational period are presented; data characterizing the radioecological situation are obtained.

MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOZYMES BASED ON CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

N. Yu. Ofitserova, I. N. Bazhukova, A. V. Myshkina

Studies of cerium oxide nanoparticles show that it has a multi-enzymatic activity. Both antioxidant and prooxidant properties of nanoparticles has been revealed, respectively, under different conditions, nanoparticles can both protect the body from oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause it. There are overview of the physical and chemical properties determining the high biological activity of nanoparticles, consideration of the enzyme-like activity and factors that influence it in the present paper. The results of a study in the multienzymatic activity of maltodextrin-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles are presented.

NUCLEAR PHYSICS RESEARCH AT R-7 CYCLOTRON OF URAL FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

V. Yu. Ivanov, A. V. Kruzhalov, F. G. Neshov, G. I. Smetanin

In 2022, the Cyclotron Center for Nuclear Medicine was commissioned at the Ural Federal University at the Institute of Physics and Technology. The first Ural cyclotron R-7, which had successfully served science for more than 50 years, was dismantled and replaced
by a new modern accelerator. This article briefly outlines the history of the first Ural cyclotron – the UPI cyclotron, its role in training highly qualified personnel, conducting fundamental and applied scientific research. Particular attention is paid to the development of the physical foundations for the experimental study of the composition and structure of materials under the influence of accelerated multiply charged ions.

TRACE AMOUNTS OF EXPLOSIVES AND NARCOTIC SUBSTANCES DETECTORS

A. A. Baranova, K. O. Khokhlov

The article describes the implementation of a complex of works on the detection of trace amounts of explosives and narcotic substances on the basis of the Department of the EF UrFU.

INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS OF THE EF DEPARTMENT IN THE SPECIALISTS TRAINING IN ELECTRONICS AND AUTOMATION (PROSOFT SYSTEMS)

N. F. Shkola

An educational cluster of the specialty “electronics and automation of physical installations” has been created in the direction of “Nuclear physics and Technology” at the Ural Federal University. The training system for the industrial complex of the Urals is based on the
principles of generating new knowledge through the integration of the educational process, fundamental science and production. The system fully meets the requirements of modern federal educational standards.

PHYSICAL BASES OF FAST HYDROGEN ATOMS INJECTORS

V. I. Radchenko

The article outlines the general issues of methods for measuring the efficiency of neutralization of negative hydrogen ions 𝐻−, the characteristic scattering angles of hydrogen atoms 𝐻0 in the process of neutralization, the cross sections for the loss of
electrons by 𝐻− ions and 𝐻0 atoms at particle energy E =1.6÷15 MeV and the results of these studies are presented. It is noted that the processes of scattering of hydrogen particles without a change in charge have a significant effect on the formation of the
angular divergence of a beam of hydrogen atoms in the process of neutralization of 𝐻−ions, and comparative experimental data are given for the cross sections and characteristic angles of scattering of hydrogen particles without a change in charge.

OVERVIEW OF DEVELOPMENTS CARRIED OUT BY THE RESEARCH LABORATORY OF ELECTRONICS FOR X-RAY INSTRUMENTS

O. V. Ignatiev

The paper provides a comparative status of developments in detector electronics for ionizing radiation spectrometers in the world and in the USSR by the beginning of the 70s, when this scientific topic arose at the Ural Polytechnic Institute. In chronological order, the new
principles of processing detector pulses developed in the Laboratory are briefly described; devices that implement these principles; pre-cision semiconductor and scintillation X-ray and spectrometers and nuclear physics devices and in-stallations created on their basis. There is a list of publications reflecting the most interesting scientific and practical results of the Laboratory’s activities.

TEST STAND FOR THE STUDY OF HEAT-PROTECTIVE MATERIALS AND COATINGS

A. F. Kokorin

The stand is a combination of a plasmatron and an aerodynamic device for the formation of a gas flow of specified parameters. The plasmatron uses a high-frequency arc gas discharge to heat the gas. This discharge is stable in a wide range of pressures and velocities
of the gas flow. A high-voltage low-current form of a high-frequency discharge is used, with low erosion of the electrodes and a low degree of contamination of the gas stream. The plasma torch is powered by a tube RF generator with an operating frequency of 13,56 MHz and an output power of up to 50 kW. The aerodynamic part is built on the basis of replaceable geometric nozzles (de Laval nozzles), installed depending on the required flow parameters.

DYNAMICS OF THE JAHN-TELLER COMPLEXES IN DOPED CRYSTALS

V.V. Gudkov, M.N. Sarychev

An installation for measuring the temperature dependences of attenuation and phase velocity of ultrasonic waves in crystals in the temperature range of 4-300 K is described. Using a fluorite crystal doped with nickel ions as an example, a method for evaluation of the parameters of the adiabatic potential energy surface of the Jahn-Teller complex Ni2+F8 is considered.